Enhancing a regional vegetation map with predictive models of dominant plant species in chaparral

Abstract. Data from more than 900 vegetation plots surveyed in the evergreen shrublands of southern California were used to develop predictions of the distributions of eight dominant shrub species for a 3880 km² region. The predictions, based on classification tree (CT) models, were validated using independent field data collected during a vegetation survey conducted in the 1930s. Presence and absence were correctly predicted an average of 75% of the time for the eight species. At the same time, these models minimized false positives, so that presence was predicted in the correct proportion of the cases for most species. The areal proportion of the landscape on which the species were predicted to occur was in the same rank order, and of the same magnitude, as their frequency (proportion of plots in which they occurred) within the field data sets. Predictive maps of species presence were overlaid and combined with an existing regional vegetation map. The shrub species ‘assemblages’ that resulted from this procedure had analogs with vegetation series defined using field data in previous studies. The resulting multiple species map will be used in a landscape simulation model of fire disturbance and succession.     

江西上高石笋蛋类恐龙蛋的发现

记述了江西省上高县发现的一窝不完整蛋窝的恐龙蛋。根据恐龙蛋宏观形态和蛋壳显微结构特征将其归入石嘴湾珊瑚蛋(Coralloidoolithus shizuiwanensis)。该窝恐龙蛋为近圆形球体,平均长径11.8 cm,平均赤道直径9.8 cm,蛋壳厚度可达2.5 mm;蛋壳由锥体层与柱状层组成,锥体层较薄,柱状层可分为内层、中间层和外层,内层发育致密的水平生长纹,中间层结构松散,含有大量暗色物质,中间层和外层发育次生壳单元。依据新标本的观察,明确珊瑚蛋属在石笋蛋科中以柱状层中间层结构松散为主要分类特征。上高新标本的发现,丰富了石嘴湾珊瑚蛋的古地理分布,同时也为上高地区晚白垩世含恐龙蛋红层的对比提供了新的证据。     

基于3DLP指数的景观格局演变及预测分析

采用1987、1999、2009和2017年四期Landsat TM/OLI数据,结合GIS和RS技术,从类型和景观层面计算安化县四个年度的3DLP指数,分析安化县近30年来景观格局的动态演变并利用CA-Markov模型对2025年景观格局演变进行模拟和预测,为推动该县今后生态环境的进一步恢复和改善提供指导。结果表明:(1)林地是安化县的优势景观,对安化县景观的主控作用强。(2)从不同景观类型来看,1987—2017年期间安化县各景观破碎化情况均有所缓解,其中建设用地、林地面积增加,草地、水域、农地面积减少;林地、水域边界形状趋于简单化,建设用地、草地边界形状趋向复杂化,农地边界形状受人类活动影响较小。(3)从整体景观来看,安化县景观格局的演变主要是受到人为因素的影响,1999年整体边界形状变得更为规则,同时破碎化程度、景观异构性以及多样性有所提高。1999—2017年各类景观类型的面积比例差异增大,破碎化程度以及景观异质程度降低,优势景观类型份额增加。(4)根据预测结果来看,安化县整体趋向均衡化发展,边界形状趋向规则化,景观异质性程度降低,各类景观类型的面积比例差异减小,林地出现被其他景观蚕食分割的趋势,因此需要进一步提高对林地的重视和保护,限制其他景观类型对林地的干扰。     

Separation of dipeptides by high-resolution gas chromatography on a fused silica capillary column after trimethylsilylation

Separation of trimethylsilyl derivatives of over 50 dipeptides was achieved by high-resolution gas chromatography using a fused silica capillary column coated with methyl silicone liquid phase. Excellent peak symmetry and reproducibility were obtained. Several pairs of sequence isomeric dipeptides could also be well separated. Application of this approach to peptide sequencing by means of the dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method is also discussed.     

盐源县小高山林业有害昆虫红脂大小蠹风险性评估

[目的] 针对盐源小高山林业有害昆虫红脂大小蠹进行风险性评估，为该地区开展红脂大小蠹的防控、监测预警和风险管理提供依据。[方法] 采用多指标综合评价法、风险分析方法，对影响红脂大小蠹的分布、传入定殖扩散、潜在危害、受害寄主经济重要性、危险性管理难度这5个因素进行分析，经查阅文献，并综合考虑红脂大小蠹在"国外、国内和盐源小高山"的分布对综合评价值R的影响，通过调整地理分布在评估系统的权重，进而优化评估体系，提出风险评估量化指标体系，计算红脂大小蠹的风险性分值。[结果] 盐源县小高山红脂大小蠹的风险性分值为2.05，为高度危险发生害虫。[结论] 红脂大小蠹已对盐源县小高山地区的云南松林造成一定的危害，应加强监测预警，防控其危害进一步扩大，为林业生态安全提供保障。